UUM Journal of Legal Studies (JLS) Vol.8, 2017
LEGAL APPLICATION OF THE OFFENCE OF MURDER AND EUTHANASIA IN NIGERIA
Sani Ibrahim Salihu, Yuhanif Yusof, Rohizan Halim
SEJARAH PELAKSANAAN HAK PEWARISAN PUSAKA DI ZAMAN JAHILIYYAH DAN ZAMAN PASCA ISLAM: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN
Faridah Ahmad, Fauziah Mohd. Nor, Alias Azhar
THE APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO THE SHARIAH ADVISORY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA: LEGAL ISSUES
Mohammad Azam Hussain, Rusni Hassan, Alias Azhar, Aznan Hasan
Abstrak: Pematuhan Syariah adalah tulang belakang bank Islam. Sebagai sebuah institusi yang ditubuhkan dalam bidang Syariah, bank Islam dijangka memastikan bahawa matlamat, aktiviti, operasi dan pengurusan mereka mematuhi prinsip dan nilai Syariah. Kegagalan mematuhi Syariah, akan mendedahkan Institusi Kewangan Islam (IFIs) kepada risiko ketidakpatuhan Syariah. Selepas itu, adalah tanggungjawab penting IFI untuk menguruskan risiko Syariah dengan betul. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan risiko IFI secara berkesan, langkah-langkah yang sewajarnya untuk pengurusan risiko telah dilaksanakan dalam rangka kerja yang berbeza sama ada dalam negeri atau antarabangsa. Dalam konteks Malaysia, IFI dipandu oleh peraturan yang berkaitan seperti Rangka Kerja Tadbir Urus Syariah 2010, prinsip IFSB dan Akta Perkhidmatan Kewangan Islam 2013 berkaitan dengan pengurusan risiko Syariah. Kajian ini mengkaji keperluan pengawalseliaan proses pengurusan risiko Syariah untuk institusi kewangan Islam yang beroperasi di Malaysia, dalam konteks Garis Panduan mengenai Rangka Tadbir Urus Syariah 2010 yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Negara Malaysia. Makalah ini membincangkan konsep “risiko”, “risiko Syariah” dan “risiko tidak patuh Syariah” dalam konteks Institusi Kewangan Islam dan juga mengkaji proses yang diterima pakai oleh IFI Malaysia dalam menguruskan risiko Syariah. Hipotesis ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbezaan antara konsep risiko Syariah dan risiko tidak patuh Syariah; dan proses pengurusan risiko Syariah yang diterima pakai oleh IFIs adalah berbeza daripada proses pengurusan risiko konvensional disebabkan oleh ciri-ciri unik dan keperluan IFI.
Abstract: Symptoms of pregnancy outside marriage among teenagers has become a big issue and still unresolved. This catastrophe is due to the influence of social media, promiscuity and lack of proper religious education among the said teenagers. Family is the main factor in the formation of personality and psychological well-being of teenagers against any bad influenced. Pregnancy and giving birth to an illegitimate child at young age has caused anxiety to young people to the face the issue on how to 'save' the child from public knowledge. Various issues and problems will occur including the issue of maintenance the child ie. Whether to maintain the children themselves or to hand over it to adoptive family. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of acceptance of teenagers’ pregnancy outside marriage. This writing is a qualitative case study writing based on previous studies through various secondary sources that discussed the issue of teenage pregnancy out of wedlock. The survey method was also used to identify the respondents' view of their acceptance of illegitimate children. Data were also collected using a structured interview method. A comparative analysis was conducted on data collected and categorized into five key issues either positive or negative and whether there are similarities or differences in the aspects of care, education, and welfare management, emotions and feelings as well as moral and change the behaviour of teenagers. The study found that adolescents and their family members can accept their illegitimate children and are ready to look after the child. There are similarities between them in terms of education, management and welfare, emotions and feelings as well as moral and attitudinal changes. However, there are differences in the aspects of illegitimate child care among adolescents and family members who are unable to maintain the children and this had caused them to send the children to host family.
Keywords: Rule of Law, Terrorism; National Security; Preventive Detention; POTA 2015.
Abstrak: Perubahan dalam struktur perundangan sebagai tindak balas kepada ancaman keganasan di negara seperti Malaysia, India dan United Kingdom selepas serangan 9/11 menyaksikan isu keselamatan negara dan undang-undang jenayah telah diintegrasikan untuk membentuk satu undang-undang keselamatan baharu yang agak luar biasa yang diiktiraf oleh pihak berkuasa. Integrasi ini berlandaskan premis bahawa keganasan ialah satu ancaman yang dipandang serius dan memerlukan undang-undang yang bersesuaian untuk membendungnya yang dirujuk sebagai satu ‘paradigma baharu pencegahan’. Pada lazimnya, undang-undang jenayah hanya tertumpu kepada menangani jenayah yang telah berlaku dan tidak memberi tumpuan kepada jenayah yang bakal dilakukan oleh pengganas. Oleh sebab itu, satu perubahan telah dilihat apabila penekanan terhadap pencegahan dalam membendung keganasan oleh negara-negara yang dikaji adalah kerana keganasan dianggap sebagai ancaman luar biasa dan memerlukan tindak balas khas. Dalam undang-undang antikeganasan, tema unik yang diberi perhatian oleh kerajaan adalah kepada langkah pencegahan – dengan harapan ia dapat mematahkan cubaan serangan yang dirancang oleh pihak pengganas. Walau bagaimanapun, keprihatinan utama ialah kesan ke atas peraturan Undang-undang apabila undang-undang antikeganasan dilaksanakan. Artikel ini berpendapat bahawa kaedah pencegahan yang diterima pakai oleh negara seperti Malaysia, India dan United Kingdom berkesan dalam menghalang kegiatan pengganas pada tahap tertentu, tetapi malangnya selalu melibatkan pengorbanan hak asasi individu. Tambahan pula, undang-undang antikeganasan telah menggugat nilai-nilai peraturan undang-undang susulan daripada tindak balas yang diambil terhadap ancaman daripada keganasan atau untuk keselamatan negara.
LEGAL REGIME FOR THE PROTECTION OF BANKING CONSUMERS IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
Salisu Malami, Zuryati Mohamed Yusoff
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT
Abstract: Bank customers/consumers are the drivers of the banking industry. Their protection should be a priority. This is because consumer protection boosts consumer confidence and enhances banking quality. This may be the reason the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) made consumer protection part of its reform policies in the banking industry. This paper examined the legal regime on banking regulation and consumer protection. The banking sector regulatory laws were critically examined. These included the Consumer Protection Council Act, 1992, the Banking Act 1969, and the Central Bank of Nigeria Act 2007, etc. The analysis revealed that the banking laws and the regulatory institutions provide inadequate protection for the banking consumer. This is a cause for concern to the banking consumers in the country. This state of things could be considered as the contributory fact or for growing consumer rights abuses and humiliation in the Nigerian banking industry.
Keywords: Consumer abuses, Legal regime, Central Bank, Regulatory, Nigeria.
LEGAL APPLICATION OF THE OFFENCE OF MURDER AND EUTHANASIA IN NIGERIA
Sani Ibrahim Salihu, Yuhanif Yusof, Rohizan Halim
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT
Abstract: Euthanasia is one of the concepts that stifled debate among academics, lawyers, religious scholars and even politicians. The reason being that it is killing human being although for compassionate reason, and with voluntary consent of the victim. Opponents of legalizing it, rely on the fear of slippery slope, sacred nature of life and question of inheritance. Despite the aforementioned factors, some countries legalised it while it remains a crime in the majority of other countries including Nigeria. We wrote this paper with the aim of highlighting and reinforcing the prohibition of the practice using Nigerian laws. Doctrinal method was employed to achieve the above objectives. In the process both primary and secondary legal materials were fully considered. The scope of the paper was limited to substantive provisions of both the penal code and the criminal code of Nigeria respectively. The aforementioned laws deal with the offence of murder by conduct or omission. However, there is no mention of the direct act of euthanasia, but from the reading of the laws inference can be drawn relating to withholding and withdrawing medical treatment leading to death. The finding of the paper is that although there is an elaborate provision regarding the prohibition of euthanasia under the criminal code, the law is not so adequate under the penal code and both laws are independent of themselves. Since both laws are applied at different geopolitical zones in Nigeria, the inadequacy of the laws will affect the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria. The paper therefore suggests an amendment to the penal code to fill the gap it has created.
Keywords: Euthanasia, Physician assisted suicide, Slippery slope, Murder, Nigeria.
SEJARAH PELAKSANAAN HAK PEWARISAN PUSAKA DI ZAMAN JAHILIYYAH DAN ZAMAN PASCA ISLAM: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN
Faridah Ahmad, Fauziah Mohd. Nor, Alias Azhar
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT
Abstrak: Artikel ini membincangkan perbezaan hak pewarisan pusaka antara zaman Jahiliah dengan zaman pasca-Islam. Metodologi pengkajian dalam bentuk perbandingan. Kajian bertujuan untuk memahami secara menyeluruh dari aspek sejarah pelaksanaan hak pewarisan pusaka pada zaman Jahiliah dan zaman pasca-Islam dan mengukuhkan pembangunan maklumat tersebut secara sistematik dan objektif. Bentuk kajian menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu mengkaji fenomena masa lampau yang berlaku pada zaman Jahiliah dan zaman pasca-Islam dari aspek kaedah pelaksanaan hak pewarisan pusaka. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa hak pewarisan pusaka yang dilaksanakan selepas zaman pasca-Islam lebih menepati keadilan dan kesaksamaan berbanding zaman Jahiliah yang lebih berbentuk diskriminasi terutamanya dari aspek nasab dan hubungan melalui perkahwinan. Situasi yang berlaku antara dua zaman itu menunjukkan jurang pemisah yang amat ketara apabila ketetapan hak pewarisan pusaka zaman pasca-Islam yang lebih adil, lengkap dan sempurna sementara zaman Jahiliah berdasarkan akal fikiran yang terbatas dan tuntutan nafsu semata-mata menyebabkan berlaku kezaliman terutamanya golongan perempuan dan kanak-kanak.
Kata kunci: Harta pusaka, Zaman pasca-Islam, Sejarah, Zaman Jahiliah.
Abstract: This article discusses about the difference between the inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah and after Islam. The study aims to comprehensively understand and to systematically and objectively strengthen the development of information about the historical perspective of the implementation of inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah (before Islam) and post-Islamic era. The study employs qualitative method by exploring the old-time phenomena that happened during the period of Jahiliah and after Islam in the implementation of inheritance rights. The research outcome shows that implementation of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era brings more justice than during the period of Jahiliah which are more discriminative in nature especially from the espect of marriage relationship. The situations happened during these two eras indicate the wide gap between them where the determination of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era is more just and complete where as during the period of Jahiliah such determination was based on limited human thinking and desire which has led to injustise especially towards women and children.
Keywords: Inheritance, After Islam, History, The period of Jahiliah (before Islam).
THE APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO THE SHARIAH ADVISORY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA: LEGAL ISSUES
Mohammad Azam Hussain, Rusni Hassan, Alias Azhar, Aznan Hasan
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT
Abstract: In Malaysia, the appointment of members to the Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) of the Central Bank of Malaysia (CBM) is prescribed by the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009 (Act 701). The Act stipulates the provisions pertaining to the eligible persons to be appointed to the SAC, procedures, terms and conditions of appointment and also remuneration and allowances for the members of the SAC. In this regard, the question arises whether the prescribed provisions are sufficient to regulate the appointment of members to the SAC and free from any shortcomings. Hence, this study sought to analyse the existing legislations governing the appointment of members to the SAC and to analyse the legal issues arising from the existing legislations. By using legal research methodology, this article analysed the entire provisions dealing with the appointment matter. Based on the data collected from statutes passed by the Parliament of Malaysia published materials, the analytical method was used by scrutinizing the related provisions of the law pertaining to the appointment of members to the SAC. This study found that, several loopholes exist in the statutory requirement of the existing law which needs to be addressed by the respective authoritative body in order to avoid any legal conflict in the future. Hence this study is significant in order to strengthen the existing legislation governing the SAC especially related the appointment process.
Keywords: Shariah advisory council, Shariah advisor, Islamic finance, Islamic law, Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009.