UUM Journal of Legal Studies (JLS) Vol.8, 2017
SHARIAH RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS FOR ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SHARIAH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 2010
Rusni Hassan, Ahmad Azam Othman, Muhammad Naim Omar, Mohammad Deen Mohd. Napiah, Mohamad Asmadi Abdullah, Mahamad Arifin, Adnan Yusoff, Mohd Syahmi Ab. Karim
Rusni Hassan, Ahmad Azam Othman, Muhammad Naim Omar, Mohammad Deen Mohd. Napiah, Mohamad Asmadi Abdullah, Mahamad Arifin, Adnan Yusoff, Mohd Syahmi Ab. Karim
Abd Ghani Ahmad, Nuarrual Hilal Md Dahlan
Ho Peng Kwang, Johan Shamsuddin Sabaruddin, Saroja Dhanapal
Salisu Malami, Zuryati Mohamed Yusoff
LEGAL APPLICATION OF THE OFFENCE OF MURDER AND EUTHANASIA IN NIGERIA
Sani Ibrahim Salihu, Yuhanif Yusof, Rohizan Halim
SEJARAH PELAKSANAAN HAK PEWARISAN PUSAKA DI ZAMAN JAHILIYYAH DAN ZAMAN PASCA ISLAM: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN
Faridah Ahmad, Fauziah Mohd. Nor, Alias Azhar
THE APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO THE SHARIAH ADVISORY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA: LEGAL ISSUES
Mohammad Azam Hussain, Rusni Hassan, Alias Azhar, Aznan Hasan
LEGAL APPLICATION OF THE OFFENCE OF MURDER AND EUTHANASIA IN NIGERIA
Sani Ibrahim Salihu, Yuhanif Yusof, Rohizan Halim
SEJARAH PELAKSANAAN HAK PEWARISAN PUSAKA DI ZAMAN JAHILIYYAH DAN ZAMAN PASCA ISLAM: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN
Faridah Ahmad, Fauziah Mohd. Nor, Alias Azhar
THE APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO THE SHARIAH ADVISORY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA: LEGAL ISSUES
Mohammad Azam Hussain, Rusni Hassan, Alias Azhar, Aznan Hasan
ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES IN MALAYSIA: JURISDICTION AND MISCONCEPTION
Muhammad Amrullah Drs Nasrul, Wan Noraini Mohd Salim , Muhamad Helmi Md Said , Siti Nuramani Abdul Manap
Muhammad Amrullah Drs Nasrul, Wan Noraini Mohd Salim , Muhamad Helmi Md Said , Siti Nuramani Abdul Manap
SHARIAH RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS FOR ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SHARIAH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 2010
Rusni Hassan, Ahmad Azam Othman, Muhammad Naim Omar, Mohammad Deen Mohd. Napiah, Mohamad Asmadi Abdullah, Mahamad Arifin, Adnan Yusoff, Mohd Syahmi Ab. Karim
Abstract: Shariah compliance is the backbone of Islamic banks. As an institution established within the ambit of Shariah, Islamic banks are expected to ensure that their aims, activities, operations and management adhere to the Shariah principles and values. Failure to comply with Shariah, will expose Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) to Shariah non-compliance risk. Subsequently, it is an essential duty of the IFIs to manage Shariah risk properly. In order to effectively manage the risk vulnerability of the IFIs, proper measures for risk management have been put in place in different frameworks that are either domestic or international based. In the Malaysian context, IFIs are guided by relevant regulations such as the Shariah Governance Framework 2010, IFSB principles and Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 with regards to Shariah risk management. This research examined the regulatory requirements of the Shariah risk management process for Islamic financial institutions that operate in Malaysia, in the context of the Guidelines on Shariah Governance Framework 2010 issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia. The paper discusses the concept of “risk”, “Shariah risk” and “Shariah non-compliant risk” in the context of Islamic Financial Institutions and also examines the process adopted by the Malaysian IFIs in managing the Shariah risk. The hypotheses that the paper seeks to establish are that there are differences between the concept of Shariah risk and Shariah non-compliant risk; and that the Shariah risk management process adopted by the IFIs are different than the conventional risk management process due to the unique features and requirements of the IFIs.
Keywords: Shariah, Risk management, Islamic Financial Institutions.
Abstrak: Pematuhan Syariah adalah tulang belakang bank Islam. Sebagai sebuah institusiyang ditubuhkan dalam bidang Syariah, bank Islam dijangka memastikan bahawa matlamat, aktiviti, operasi dan pengurusan mereka mematuhi prinsip dan nilai Syariah. Kegagalan mematuhi Syariah, akan mendedahkan Institusi Kewangan Islam (IFIs) kepada risiko ketidakpatuhan Syariah. Selepas itu, adalah tanggungjawab penting IFI untuk menguruskan risiko Syariah dengan betul. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan risiko IFI secara berkesan, langkah-langkah yang sewajarnya untuk pengurusan risiko telah dilaksanakan dalam rangka kerja yang berbeza sama ada di dalam negeri atau antarabangsa. Dalam konteks Malaysia, IFI dipandu oleh peraturan yang berkaitan seperti Rangka Kerja Tadbir Urus Syariah 2010, prinsip IFSB dan Akta Perkhidmatan Kewangan Islam 2013 berkaitan dengan pengurusan risiko Syariah. Kajian ini mengkaji keperluan pengawalseliaan proses pengurusan risiko Syariah untuk institusi kewangan Islam yang beroperasi di Malaysia, dalam konteks Garis Panduan mengenai Rangka Tadbir Urus Syariah 2010 yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Negara Malaysia. Makalah ini membincangkan konsep “risiko”, “risiko Syariah” dan “risiko tidak patuh Syariah” dalam konteks Institusi Kewangan Islam dan juga mengkaji proses yang diterima pakai oleh IFI Malaysia dalam menguruskan risiko Syariah. Hipotesis ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbezaan antara konsep risiko Syariah dengan risiko tidak patuh Syariah; dan proses pengurusan risiko Syariah yang diterima pakai oleh IFIs adalah berbeza daripada proses pengurusan risiko konvensional disebabkan oleh ciri-ciri unik dan keperluan IFI.
Kata kunci: Syariah, Pengurusan risiko, Institusi Kewangan Islam.
Abd Ghani Ahmad, Nuarrual Hilal Md Dahlan
Abstrak: Gejala hamil luar nikah dalam kalangan remaja menjadi isu besar dan sukar dibendung lagi. Pengaruh media sosial, pergaulan bebas dan kurang didikan agama dalam kalangan ibu bapa menjadi antara punca remaja hamil luar nikah. Keluarga merupakan pelindung utama dalam pembentukan sahsiah dan kesejahteraan psikologi golongan remaja agar tidak terpengaruh dengan masalah sosial yang tidak terkawal. Mengandung dan melahirkan anak tak sah taraf dalam usia muda menimbulkan keresahan kepada remaja tentang cara untuk ‘menyelamatkan’ anak tersebut daripada pengetahuan umum. Pelbagai isu dan masalah yang menyelubungi perasaan mereka sama ada ingin memelihara sendiri anak tersebut atau menyerahkan sahaja kepada keluarga angkat. Objektif kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh manakah penerimaan remaja hamil luar nikah dan keluarga terhadap anak tersebut. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif berdasarkan kajian-kajian terdahulu menerusi pelbagai buku, jurnal dan dokumen yang membincangkan isu remaja hamil luar nikah. Kaedah tinjauan digunakan untuk mengenal pasti pandangan para responden tentang penerimaan mereka terhadap kelahiran anak tak sah taraf. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode temu bual berstruktur yang menjadi asas utama dalam kajian ini. Analisis perbandingan dilakukan terhadap data yang dikumpulkan dan dikategorikan kepada lima isu penting sama ada bersifat positif atau negatif dan sama ada terdapat persamaan atau perbezaan dari aspek penjagaan, pendidikan, pengurusan dan kebajikan, emosi dan perasaan serta akhlak dan perubahan sikap remaja tersebut. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa remaja dan ahli keluarga mereka boleh menerima kelahiran anak tak sah taraf dan bersifat positif tentang kepentingan menjaga anak tersebut. Terdapat persamaan antara mereka dari aspek pendidikan, pengurusan dan kebajikan, emosi dan perasaan serta akhlak dan perubahan sikap. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat perbezaan dari aspek penjagaan anak tersebut iaitu ada antara remaja dan ahli keluarga sanggup memelihara sendiri dan sebaliknya ada yang menyerahkan kepada keluarga angkat.
Kata kunci: Remaja, Pergaulan bebas, Hamil luar nikah, Anak tak sah taraf, Keluarga angkat.
Abstract: Symptoms of pregnancy outside marriage among teenagers has become a big issue and still unresolved. This catastrophe is due to the influence of social media, promiscuity and lack of proper religious education among the said teenagers. Family is the main factor in the formation of personality and psychological well-being of teenagers against any bad influenced. Pregnancy and giving birth to an illegitimate child at young age has caused anxiety to young people to the face the issue on how to 'save' the child from public knowledge. Various issues and problems will occur including the issue of maintenance the child ie. Whether to maintain the children themselves or to hand over it to adoptive family. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of acceptance of teenagers’pregnancy outside marriage. This writing is a qualitative case study writing based on previous studies through various secondary sources that discussed the issue of teenage pregnancy out of wedlock. The survey method was also used to identify the respondents' view of their acceptance of illegitimate children. Data were also collected using a structured interview method. A comparative analysis was conducted on data collected and categorized into five key issues either positive or negative and whether there are similarities or differences in the aspects of care, education, and welfare management, emotions and feelings as well as moral and change the behaviour of teenagers. The study found that adolescents and their family members can accept their illegitimate children and are ready to look after the child. There are similarities between them in terms of education, management and welfare, emotions and feelings as well as moral and attitudinal changes. However, there are differences in the aspects of illegitimate child care among adolescents and family members who are unable to maintain the children and this had caused them to send the children to host family.
Keywords: Teenagers, Free intercourse, Pregnancy outside marriage, Illegitimate children, Host family.
Keywords: Teenagers, Free intercourse, Pregnancy outside marriage, Illegitimate children, Host family.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE RULE OF LAW VALUES WITHIN MALAYSIA'S ANTI-TERROR LAW: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE FROM INDIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Ho Peng Kwang, Johan Shamsuddin Sabaruddin, Saroja Dhanapal
Abstract: Changes in the legislative framework in response to terrorist threats in Malaysia, India and the United Kingdom since the 9/11 attacks have witnessed the integration of national security issues and criminal justice to form part of the extraordinary security laws passed by the authorities. This integration has rested on the premise that terrorism is an unprecedented threat and so it requires legislation tailored to what has been called as a ‘new paradigm in prevention. The criminal law has largely, though not exclusively, focused only on dealing with crimes that have already taken place. However, the reason for the shift in states emphasis towards prevention in counter-terrorism is that terrorism is an extraordinary threat that calls for a special response. A unique theme of most anti-terror legislations is focusing on what is referred to by the government as ‘prevention’ - hoping to foil foreseeable attacks from the terrorists. However, the key concern is the impact on the Rule of Law values when applying the anti-terror laws. This article argues that the preventive methods adopted by Malaysia, India and the United Kingdom are effective in forestalling terrorist activities to a certain extent, but often this comes at a high price to pay when individual human rights are sacrificed along the way. Further, anti-terror legislation has degraded the Rule of Law values in response to terrorism threat or national security.
Keywords: Rule of Law, Terrorism; National security; Preventive detention; POTA 2015.
Abstrak: Perubahan dalam struktur perundangan sebagai tindak balas kepada ancaman keganasan di negara seperti Malaysia, India dan United Kingdom selepas serangan 9/11 menyaksikan isu keselamatan negara dan undang-undang jenayah telah diintegrasikan untuk membentuk satu undang-undang keselamatan baharu yang agak luar biasa yang diiktiraf oleh pihak berkuasa. Integrasi ini berlandaskan premis bahawa keganasan ialah satu ancaman yang dipandang serius dan memerlukan undang-undang yang bersesuaian untuk membendungnya yang dirujuk sebagai satu ‘paradigma baharu pencegahan’. Pada lazimnya, undang-undang jenayah hanya tertumpu kepada menangani jenayah yang telah berlaku dan tidak memberi tumpuan kepada jenayah yang bakal dilakukan oleh pengganas. Oleh sebab itu, satu perubahan telah dilihat apabila penekanan terhadap pencegahan dalam membendung keganasan oleh negara-negara yang dikaji adalah kerana keganasan dianggap sebagai ancaman luar biasa dan memerlukan tindak balas khas. Dalam undang-undang antikeganasan, tema unik yang diberi perhatian oleh kerajaan adalah kepada langkah pencegahan dengan harapan ia dapat mematahkan cubaan serangan yang dirancang oleh pihak pengganas. Walau bagaimanapun, keprihatinan utama ialah kesan ke atas peraturan Undang-undang apabila undang-undang antikeganasan dilaksanakan. Artikel ini berpendapat bahawa kaedah pencegahan yang diterima pakai oleh negara seperti Malaysia, India dan United Kingdom berkesan dalam menghalang kegiatan pengganas pada tahap tertentu, tetapi malangnya selalu melibatkan pengorbanan hak asasi individu. Tambahan pula, undang-undang antikeganasan telah menggugat nilai-nilai peraturan undang-undang susulan daripada tindak balas yang diambil terhadap ancaman daripada keganasan atau untuk keselamatan negara.
Kata Kunci: Peraturan undang-undang; Keganasan; Keselamatan negara; Tahanan pencegahan; POTA 2015
LEGAL REGIME FOR THE PROTECTION OF BANKING CONSUMERS IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
Salisu Malami, Zuryati Mohamed Yusoff
Abstract: Bank customers/consumers are the drivers of the banking industry. Their protection should be a priority. This is because consumer protection boosts consumer confidence and enhances banking quality. This may be the reason the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) made consumer protection part of its reform policies in the banking industry. This paper examined the legal regime on banking regulation and consumer protection. The banking sector regulatory laws were critically examined. These included the Consumer Protection Council Act, 1992, the Banking Act 1969, and the Central Bank of Nigeria Act 2007, etc. The analysis revealed that the banking laws and the regulatory institutions provide inadequate protection for the banking consumer. This is a cause for concern to the banking consumers in the country. This state of things could be considered as the contributory fact or for growing consumer rights abuses and humiliation in the Nigerian banking industry.
Keywords: Consumer abuses, Legal regime, Central Bank, Regulatory, Nigeria.
Abstrak: Pelanggan bank/pengguna merupakan penggerak kepada industri perbankan. Perlindungan kepada mereka sepatutnya menjadi keutamaan. Ini adalah kerana perlindungan kepada pengguna akan menggalakkan keyakinan pengguna dan meningkatkan lagi kualiti perbankan. Perkara ini mungkin menjadi alasan Bank Negara Nigeria menjadikan perlindungan pengguna sebahagian daripada polisi pembaharuannya dalam industri perbankan. Artikel ini mengupas rejim perundangan berkaitan peraturan perbankan dan perlindungan pengguna. Undang-undang perintah sektor perbankan dikaji secara kritikal. Undang-undang ini termasuklah Consumer Protection Council Act 1992, Banking Act 1969, Central Bank of Nigeria Act 2007 dan lain-lain. Analisis telah menunjukkan bahawa undang-undang perbankan dan institusi-institusi berkaitan menyediakan perlindungan yang tidak mencukupi kepada pelanggan bank. Ini merupakan sebab utama kepada keprihatinan terhadap pengguna-pengguna perbankan di negara ini. Keadaan ini boleh dianggap sebagai fakta penyumbang kepada peningkatan penyalahgunaan hak-hak pengguna dan penindasan dalam industri perbankan di Nigeria.
LEGAL APPLICATION OF THE OFFENCE OF MURDER AND EUTHANASIA IN NIGERIA
Sani Ibrahim Salihu, Yuhanif Yusof, Rohizan Halim
Abstract: Euthanasia is one of the concepts that stifled debate among academics, lawyers, religious scholars and even politicians. The reason being that it is killing human being although forcompassionate reason, and with voluntary consent of the victim. Opponents of legalizing it, rely on the fear of slippery slope, sacred nature of life and question of inheritance. Despite the aforementioned factors, some countries legalised it while it remains a crime in the majority of other countries including Nigeria. We wrote this paper with the aim of highlighting and reinforcing the prohibition of the practice using Nigerian laws. Doctrinal method was employed to achieve the above objectives. In the process both primary and secondary legal materials were fully considered. The scope of the paper was limited to substantive provisions of both the penal code and the criminal code of Nigeria respectively. The aforementioned laws deal with the offence of murder by conduct or omission. However, there is no mention of the direct act of euthanasia, but from the reading of the laws inference can be drawn relating to withholding and withdrawing medical treatment leading to death. The finding of the paper is that although there is an elaborate provision regarding the prohibition of euthanasia under the criminal code, the law is not so adequate under the penal code and both laws are independent of themselves. Since both laws are applied at different geopolitical zones in Nigeria, the inadequacy of the laws will affect the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria. The paper therefore suggests an amendment to the penal code to fill the gap it has created.
Keywords: Euthanasia, Physician assisted suicide, Slippery slope, Murder, Nigeria.
Keywords: Euthanasia, Physician assisted suicide, Slippery slope, Murder, Nigeria.
Abstrak: Euthanasia telah menimbulkan konflik antara ahli akademik, peguam, tokoh agama dan juga ahli politik. Ini adalah kerana ia mematikan atau membunuh manusia sekalipun dilakukan atas dasar simpati dan dengan persetujuan mangsa. Pihak yang menentang euthanasia berpegang kepada faktor-faktor ‘slippery slope’, kesucian nyawa dan isu peninggalan. Walaupun begitu, terdapat negara yang mempraktikkan euthanasia manakala negara yang tidak berbuat demikian adalah kerana mengganggap ia sebagai satu jenayah termasuklah Nigeria. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan berkaitan larangan perlaksanaan euthanasia berdasarkan undang-undang yang ada di Nigeria. Kaedah doktrinal digunakan untuk mencapai objektif kajian. Kedua-dua data primer dan sekunder turut digunakan dalam proses ini. Skop kajian pula hanya memfokuskan kepada peruntukan undang-undang ada dalam kanun keseksaan dan kanun jenayah. Undang-undang ini ada kaitan dengan kesalahan membunuh sama ada melalui melakukan sesuatu perbuatan atau ketinggalan. Walaupun tidak dinyatakan secara langsung, tetapi perbuatan menahan dan menarik balik rawatan perubatan yang membawa kepada kematian boleh dianggap sebagai euthanasia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun terdapat peruntukan berhubung larangan terhadap euthanasia di bawah kanun jenayah, tetapi ia tidak mencukupi di bawah kanun keseksaan dan kedua-dua undang-undang ini adalah bebas daripada satu sama lain. Memandangkan kedua-dua undang- undang ini digunakan di zon yang berbeza di Nigeria, kelemahan undang-undang ini akan mempengaruhi pentadbiran keadilan jenayah di Nigeria. Oleh itu, artikel ini mencadangkan pindaan dilakukan kepada kanun jenayah bagi mengatasi masalah ini.
Kata Kunci: Euthanasia, ‘Physician assisted suicide’, ‘Slippery slope’, Bunuh, Nigeria.
SEJARAH PELAKSANAAN HAK PEWARISAN PUSAKA DI ZAMAN JAHILIYYAH DAN ZAMAN PASCA ISLAM: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN
Faridah Ahmad, Fauziah Mohd. Nor, Alias Azhar
Abstrak: Artikel ini membincangkan perbezaan hak pewarisan pusaka antara zaman Jahiliah dengan zaman pasca-Islam. Metodologi pengkajian dalam bentuk perbandingan. Kajian bertujuan untuk memahami secara menyeluruh dari aspek sejarah pelaksanaan hak pewarisan pusaka pada zaman Jahiliah dan zaman pasca-Islam dan mengukuhkan pembangunan maklumat tersebut secara sistematik dan objektif. Bentuk kajian menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu mengkaji fenomena masa lampau yang berlaku pada zaman Jahiliah dan zaman pasca-Islam dari aspek kaedah pelaksanaan hak pewarisan pusaka. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa hak pewarisan pusaka yang dilaksanakan selepas zaman pasca- Islam lebih menepati keadilan dan kesaksamaan berbanding zaman Jahiliah yang lebih berbentuk diskriminasi terutamanya dari aspek nasab dan hubungan melalui perkahwinan. Situasi yang berlaku antara dua zaman itu menunjukkan jurang pemisah yang amat ketara apabila ketetapan hak pewarisan pusaka zaman pasca-Islam yang lebih adil, lengkap dan sempurna sementara zaman Jahiliah berdasarkan akal fikiran yang terbatas dan tuntutan nafsu semata- mata menyebabkan berlaku kezaliman terutamanya golongan perempuan dan kanak-kanak.
Kata kunci: Pusaka, Sejarah, Zaman Jahiliah pasca-Islam.
Abstract: This article discusses about the difference between the inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah and after Islam. The study aims to comprehensively understand and to systematically and objectively strengthen the development of information about the historical perspective of the implementation of inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah (before Islam) and post-Islamic era. The study employs qualitative method by exploring the old-time phenomena that happened during the period of Jahiliah and after Islam in the implementation of inheritance rights. The research outcome shows that implementation of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era brings more justice than during the period of Jahiliah which are more discriminative in nature especially from the espect of marriage relationship. The situations happened during these two eras indicate the wide gap between them where the determination of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era is more just and complete where as during the period of Jahiliah such determination was based on limited human thinking and desire which has led to injustise especially towards women and children.
Abstract: This article discusses about the difference between the inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah and after Islam. The study aims to comprehensively understand and to systematically and objectively strengthen the development of information about the historical perspective of the implementation of inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah (before Islam) and post-Islamic era. The study employs qualitative method by exploring the old-time phenomena that happened during the period of Jahiliah and after Islam in the implementation of inheritance rights. The research outcome shows that implementation of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era brings more justice than during the period of Jahiliah which are more discriminative in nature especially from the espect of marriage relationship. The situations happened during these two eras indicate the wide gap between them where the determination of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era is more just and complete where as during the period of Jahiliah such determination was based on limited human thinking and desire which has led to injustise especially towards women and children.
Keywords: Inheritance, After Islam, History, The period of Jahiliah (before Islam).
THE APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO THE SHARIAH ADVISORY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA: LEGAL ISSUES
Mohammad Azam Hussain, Rusni Hassan, Alias Azhar, Aznan Hasan
Abstract: In Malaysia, the appointment of members to the Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) of the Central Bank of Malaysia (CBM) is prescribed by the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009 (Act 701). The Act stipulates the provisions pertaining to the eligible persons to be appointed to the SAC, procedures, terms and conditions of appointment and also remuneration and allowances for the members of the SAC. In this regard, the question arises whether the prescribed provisions are sufficient to regulate the appointment of members to the SAC and free from any shortcomings. Hence, this study sought to analyse the existing legislations governing the appointment of members to the SAC and to analyse the legal issues arising from the existing legislations. By using legal research methodology, this article analysed the entire provisions dealing with the appointment matter. Based on the data collected from statutes passed by the Parliament of and Malaysia published materials, the analytical method was used by scrutinizing the related provisions of the law pertaining to the appointment of members to the SAC. This study found that, several loopholes exist in the statutory requirement of the existing law which needs to be addressed by the respective authoritative body in order to avoid any legal conflict in the future. Hence this study is significant in order to strengthen the existing legislation governing the SAC especially related the appointment process.
Keywords: Shariah advisory council, Shariah advisor, Islamic finance, Islamic law, Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009.
Abstrak: Di Malaysia, pelantikan anggota Majlis Penasihat Shariah (MPS) Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) ditetapkan oleh Akta Bank Negara Malaysia 2009 (Akta 701). Akta menetapkan peruntukan-peruntukan berkaitan orang yang layak untuk dilantik menganggotai MPS, prosedur, terma dan syarat-syarat perlantikan dan juga saraan dan elaun anggota-anggota MPS. Dalam hal ini, persoalan timbul sama ada peruntukan yang ditetapkan memadai untuk mengawal selia pelantikan anggota MPS dan bebas daripada sebarang kekurangan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis undang-undang sedia ada yang mentadbir pelantikan anggota MPS dan untuk menganalisis isu-isu undang-undang yang timbul daripada undang-undang sedia ada. Dengan menggunakan metodologi penyelidikan undang-undang, artikel ini menganalisis keseluruhan peruntukan yang berkaitan urusan pelantikan anggota MPS. Berdasarkan data yang telah kumpul daripada statut-statut yang diluluskan oleh Parlimen Malaysia, kaedah analisis telah digunakan dengan meneliti peruntukan-peruntukan undang-undang yang berkaitan pelantikan anggota MPS. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa, beberapa kelemahan wujud dalam kehendak statut dalam undang-undang sedia ada yang perlu diberi perhatian oleh pihak berkuasa yang berkaitan dalam usaha mengelak daripada berlaku sebarang konflik undang-undang pada masa hadapan. Oleh itu, kajian ini adalah sangat penting untuk mengukuhkan undang- undang sedia ada yang mengawal selia MPS terutamanya berkaitan proses pelantikan.
Kata kunci: Majlis Penasihat Shariah, Penasihat Shariah, Kewangan Islam, Undang-undang Islam, Akta Bank Negara Malaysia 2009.
ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES IN MALAYSIA: JURISDICTION AND MISCONCEPTION
Muhammad Amrullah Drs Nasrul, Wan Noraini Mohd Salim , Muhamad Helmi Md Said , Siti Nuramani Abdul Manap
Abstract: The administration of estate formally commences upon the application by the beneficiaries to the related administrative bodies. The application marks the beginning step in the administration of estate since the application is an essential process in obtaining the letters of representation. With the existence of multiple administrative bodies in Malaysia, one needs to ensure that the application is made to the right administrative body. Furthermore, the administration of estate needs to be promptly settled to avoid any unwanted consequences, hence justifying the need for the early application by the beneficiaries. However, some beneficiaries deliberately stall the application, which is detrimental to the administration of estate. Confusion in identifying the right administrative body as well as the wrong perception of the beneficiaries of the administrative bodies have been identified as the causes behind the late application. This paper addressed the jurisdiction of the administrative bodies in the administration of the deceased’s estate in Malaysia through the comparative approach in classifying the different roles and authorities of each administrative body. The writing involved the research method by way of a library-based study whereby the data were collected from multiple sources including conference papers, textbooks, statutes, case laws, journals and other materials. The finding points out several suggestions including the need for collaboration between the society and the government in relaying the information regarding the actual impression of the administrative bodies in the administration of estate.
Keywords: Administration of estate, Administrative bodies, Letters of representation, Beneficiaries.
Abstrak: Pentadbiran harta pusaka bermula dengan permohonan oleh benefisiari terhadap badan-badan pentadbiran. Tindakan ini dianggap sebagai langkah permulaan dalam pentadbiran harta pusaka kerana ia merupakan proses utama dalam mendapatkan surat perwakilan. Dengan wujudnya beberapa badan pentadbiran di Malaysia, adalah perlu untuk memastikan bahawa permohonan itu dibuat terhadap badan pentadbiran yang betul. Selain itu, pentadbiran harta pusaka perlu diselesaikan dengan segera bagi mengelakkan sebarang akibat yang tidak diingini, dan ini menunjukkan bahawa perlunya sesuatu permohonan awal dilakukan oleh benefisiari. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat sesetengah benefisiari yang sengaja melewatkan permohonan dan ini telah memberi kesan negatif terhadap pentadbiran harta pusaka. Kekeliruan dalam mengenal pasti badan pentadbiran yang betul serta persepsi negatif oleh benefisiari terhadap badan-badan pentadbiran merupakan antara punca di sebalik kelewatan dalam membuat permohonan terhadap pentadbiran harta pusaka. Artikel ini menjelaskan bidang kuasa badan-badan pentadbiran dalam pentadbiran harta pusaka di Malaysia melalui bentuk perbandingan dengan mengklasifikasikan peranan setiap badan pentadbiran. Penulisan ini melibatkan kaedah penyelidikan melalui kajian berasaskan perpustakaan di mana data dikumpulkan daripada pelbagai sumber termasuk kertas persidangan, buku teks, statut, kes undang-undang, jurnal serta bahan-bahan lain. Hasil penemuan daripada artikel ini antaranya menyentuh berkenaan cadangan perlunya kerjasama antara masyarakat yang kerajaan dalam menyampaikan maklumat tentang peranan sebenar badan-badan pentadbiran dalam pentadbiran harta pusaka.
Kata kunci: Pentadbiran harta pusaka, Badan pentadbiran, Surat perwakilan, Benefisiari.
Kata kunci: Pentadbiran harta pusaka, Badan pentadbiran, Surat perwakilan, Benefisiari.